Five Humane Alternatives to Animal Testing

Stephanie W., Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

Animals have played a crucial role in many scientific breakthroughs. After all, we have many similarities with lab rats, including sharing similar organ systems, around 85% of our DNA, and we are susceptible to similar illnesses and diseases. This allows scientists to observe how a vaccine, for example, would react in a human body without putting a human at risk. Although animal testing may seem like a good idea, it’s actually notorious for being inhumane, unreliable, expensive, and requires large amounts of manpower. Unfortunately, despite the numerous restrictions already in place to reduce the involvement of animals in experiments, millions of animals are still subjected to tests. As a result, there are currently around 50 alternatives to animal testing currently being studied, but only a few seem likely to be implemented. Here are some possible viable replacements for animal testing:  

 

 

  1. Computer Modeling 

 

It is also known as in silico tests. Computers and software now have the capability of predicting how a drug may react in a human body. Models of many organ systems can be used obtained from previous experiments and already known data in order to simulate the possible irritants and reactants caused by a drug. While they’re not a perfect substitute for animal testing, they’re capable of reducing the number of animals needed during experimenting. 

 

 

  1.   3D Cell Culture and Organs-on-Chips

 

To understand our body, we need to see it as one large system with many interconnected parts. This is where the 3D cell culture comes in. With the help of a computer microchip, known as Organs-on-Chips, the model is capable of mimicking structures and functions of the human tissue as it would be within the human body. As a result, the model can predict the various effects of a drug on a living organ. 

 

 

  1.   In Vitro Cell Culture 

 

In vitro cell cultures involve taking samples of cells from an animal or plant and growing it outside of the body in a controlled environment (usually a laboratory). These cells are important for observing the immediate and specific effects of a drug. Under the right conditions, the cells have the potential to last up to years outside the body, allowing the effects to be observed over a longer period. 

 

 

  1.     Organotypic Models 

 

This testing method is a little more gory than the rest. It involves using organs obtained from slaughterhouses instead of live animals. Although no live animals are harmed using this method, there are many downsides. Given that the organs are from dead animals, its ability to replicate how a drug would work in a living being is significantly worse. 

 

 

  1. Cell Based Tests and Tissue Modeling Tests 

 

Cell-based and tissue modeling provide information on how the skin or tissue possible irritants or reactions an ingredient might evoke. These models are developed using human skin obtained from surgery and post-mortems (tissue obtained after a person’s death) and can be used as a substitute for rabbit irritation tests. During testing, the skin is stretched so that it replicates the skin of a living person. 

 

Alternatives to animal testing is becoming a more viable option, as it is equally as accurate, more cost-effective, and easier to carry out. With more and more new alternatives being discovered, the possibility of eliminating animal testing altogether seems hopeful. Animal testing has led to so many lives being saved, but technologies have advanced far enough for it to be our turn to save theirs. 



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Parts of Ourselves

Jihu Lee (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

At some point in our lives, we may have wished to return to childhood, or at least the time when we seemed to know only happiness and an end to responsibilities that come with growing up. Here is the catch though: even children have complex emotions and much more depth than we give them credit. Throughout my life, I can’t recall having a unidimensional personality or state of mind. My hobbies, interests and emotional states were constantly changing as a child and even now, I have not attained a permanent state of myself. 

People may refer to personal tastes as ‘phases’ as if it’s something bad or embarrassing. But whether something is long-term or short-term does not determine its significance. Rather, if you enjoy it, then it’s important to you! You liked horseback riding a month ago but now you find peace in incense candles and watercolour art? Fantastic! Keep exploring and discovering new interests whether that’s one new hobby a year or twenty in a month. 

Even the intangible aspects of ourselves, like our feelings and personality types, are far more flexible and multifaceted than we think. But I have found myself in countless situations where I feel pressured to show a certain side of myself while hiding the rest. For instance, generally speaking, I uphold – often unrealistically – high expectations for myself in everything that I do. Thus, I would be terrified of revealing my failures and other setbacks in academics, music, sports and even as a daughter, sister and friend. Another circumstance that is probably relatable for many people is hesitating to reach out for help when you are usually the helper. 

Relatedly, there is a prevailing belief that positive and happy emotions are ‘good’ while feelings like anger, anxiety, uncertainty or sadness are ‘bad.’ As a preface, it is definitely true that we are still responsible for our actions despite the validity of our emotions. In other words, being hurt does not justify hurting others. But, having to properly regulate challenging emotions does not make them bad. Instead of jumping to thoughts like “I shouldn’t be feeling this way,” what if we were curious about how we feel and explored the bigger picture of what is going on? As human beings, we are complex and multidimensional, so I encourage everyone to replace aversion with curiosity whenever we are confronted by challenging emotions. 

At the end of the day, we are all made up of unique parts that make us who we are. We can’t expect ourselves to live up to only a single part because we embody so much more. I hope we all become comfortable in embracing all of who we are and surround ourselves with people who accept and support us in all that we are as well.

My name is Jihu, and I’m from Salt Lake City, Utah! I have been with Low Entropy since May 2021. Some of the things I love are reading, writing, listening to music, playing with my dogs and spending time with my sister!

On Balance

Ugochi Guchy Kalu (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

A group of friends once gathered to share experiences and catalog them into comedy and tragedy. There were very happy moments and extremely sad events that each of them had had to deal with, and the question of what real life was about came up. Are we in a comic movie or just living in tragedy while smiling through it all? From everyone’s standpoint, it was concluded that perspective plays a big role in what life throws our way. 

 

Tragedy has been defined severally as an event causing great suffering, destruction and distress. These events could be accidents, natural disasters or crime, and of course literature and arts often present any event with an unhappy ending as a tragic event. Comedy, on the other hand, focuses on happy endings with the intent to entertain and create laughter for people. Wouldn’t it be a perfect world if all we did was laugh, feel entertained and cheerfully retire to bed when night fell. I have lived quite a few decades on Earth and I dare say, tragedy and comedy are essential constituent elements that create balance in life. Often, when I present my case on balance, I am misjudged as a masochist. But life is not a fantasy, nothing is perfect, there is chaos at every turn and the understanding that tragedy exists hand in hand with comedy is the balance I choose to believe in.

 

In April of 2010, we lost my grandmother. She was a pillar of joy and the cord that bounded the unity in our immediate and extended family. She was the definition of love and care, she was everyone’s confidant. We were devastated and thrown into endless mourning. Two days later, my cousin put to bed a very beautiful baby boy for the first time in 11 years of being childless. We all experienced two emotions at once. While I was extremely heartbroken about my grammy’s passing, I was truly overjoyed for my cousin’s newborn. I simply didn’t know how to react, I couldn’t laugh out loud and express my joy because the knots in my chest and stomach were so strong that joy was not allowed entry. Life, huh? Was this the balance I talked about or life running an experiment on my beliefs? How could I have been so sad, yet happy? How was losing a loved one meant to balance the birth of another loved one? I had questions without a single answer in sight.

 

People lose their jobs, sadly, and find a better one a few moments later. Trees are cut down to the dismay of environmentalists, however the timber provides shelter to others. Bridges collapse but inspire the building of stronger bridges, people happily get married but divorce in anger. Tsunamis, tornadoes, hurricanes and snowstorms are natural tragic disasters that have occured and keep occurring without any control. People have died from senseless gunshots, automobile accidents, plane crashes and many other tragic situations. These are all pains that life has inflicted on us. And the inevitable tragedy of death is one that no living person can escape from. Away from all misfortunes of life, however, consider the everyday occurrences that have brought us joy: the birth of a baby, a promotion at work, an award for outstanding contributions, graduating from college, winning the lottery, getting married, profit from investments, fulfilling personal dreams, good health, happy friendships and family, and much more. 

 

There is no one person on Earth whose life has been filled with downs without a traceable record of ups. We have all had our happy and sad moments, and it’s a cycle that keeps rotating without concern for our approval. This is what I call the “balance.” Life is generally what we make of it, and while giving up in the face of tragedy is a choice, treating tragedy as an event and moving above the sadness to find joy is yet another choice.

 

The acceptance of this reality called life is one step forward in changing our views on life as tragedy and comedy. If you live in a bubble, you will be knocked down the most when tragedy hits. However, to those who are in touch with life’s balance, tragedy is nothing but a bad day that will disappear the next morning. I have come to the understanding that life is both tragic and comic, however our attitude toward each event is what really shapes our experiences and general life outlook. To recapitulate my personal view, this thought-provoking Horace Walpole quote captures it all: “The world is a comedy to those that think; a tragedy to those that feel.

 

 

My name is Ugochi Guchy Kalu, I have lived in a bubble and also experienced real life hurt. I pulled through the toughest times through acceptance and a positive outlook. Stay positive, pals!

Start Small

Eri Ikezawa (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

Picture this: A blank wall with nothing adorning it but a single painting. 

 

At first glance, it just looks like there’s nothing except a forest in the frame. There are billowing trees, with trunks as wide as they are tall and branches stretching lazily with their viridescent leaves. It is an expanse of greens and browns, earthy tones suiting the imagery perfectly, the complementary offset to the clinically white wall surrounding it. 

 

But once you amplify your focus, zooming into the details, you’ll see so much more. The small critters crawling stealthily up the aged bark of the statuesque trees. The rivulets from a recent rain shower trickling down the leaves, little drops stubbornly remaining as it waits for the sun to appear once more. The beady eyes of avian predators on their unsuspecting insectoid prey, flashing menacingly. 

 

And once you look even more closely, you’ll see how the steel frame of the painting has decolored with time, promises of rust emerging slowly. You might notice how the painting is hanging a little crookedly, as if someone touched it with careless hands or an aimless mind—details all overlooked in the hodgepodge hustle and bustle of everyday life. 

 

But by that same token, if you only look at all the miniscule details, you might become so blinded by each individual feature that the beauty of the bigger picture is completely lost to you. Instead, you might become fixated on removing the age stains from the painting or begin observing small imperfections on the canvas that would’ve otherwise gone unnoticed.

 

You begin to lose the ability to simply enjoy a piece of art for what it’s worth, just basking in the pleasure of experiencing and being present with what is in front of you.   

 

Life is much like this. 

 

If we only look at the bigger picture, constantly fast-forwarding to the future, daydreaming of what could be, we would miss all the features and peaks, textures and streaks, every microscopic detail of each stroke contributing to the finished “painting” of our lives. We would be splattering paint all over an empty canvas, aimlessly hoping the finished product will resemble our hopes and dreams. 

 

Sometimes, we simply must start off small—take time to luxuriate in the present and set short term goals so that we don’t get overwhelmed by the enormity of all we hope to achieve and become. 

 

I remember the days where I’d always set such an intense magnifying glass on what I wanted or hoped my future would be like to the point where I was utterly crippled by the cumbersome weight of my own expectations. This complete inability to take a step back to relish in my small victories and gradually climb towards my aspirations was completely counterintuitive—instead of feeling driven or motivated, I was paralyzed. I was static, motionless and immobile.

This inability to remain in the present, I’d later realize, was a huge catalyst for my anxiety. 

 

Now, whenever I feel overwhelmed—perhaps because work is hectic or taking on new responsibilities as a pet owner or having a disagreement with a friend—I stop. I voluntarily stop, take deep breaths to tether myself back to stable ground before I resume facing the task at hand. Whenever I see myself being drawn into the violent tempest of anxiety, driven by worry about my future, again, I voluntarily stop. 

 

But in this day and age, it can be extremely difficult to hit the pause button—especially in a world where being exhausted from “the grind” is heralded as something to feel triumphant about and being lost in hordes of busy bodies in a crowd is a mere symptom of current society. As such, when I used to hear suggestions of trying meditation, taking deep breaths, or electing to take a nap, I would perceive them as either a waste of time or guilty indulgence. I would have to remind myself in these vulnerable moments when I question whether I am allowed to rest or allowed to take a moment, that in order to flourish in any aspect of my life, I have to start at the most basic stepping stone—taking care of myself in body, mind and spirit. 

 

I found what helped most was the inclusion of therapy in my repertoire of self-care activities. It has helped me make peace and cope with my anxiety diagnosis, permitting me to rewire my brain to more productively approach situations that would’ve caused undue stress in the past. It has helped me to stop undermining my struggles or pain, assisting me in recognizing that even if someone may have it worse than I do, it doesn’t negate my feelings.  

 

And it has been instrumental in allowing me to acknowledge that taking time for myself—taking care of myself—is okay. So now, by rebuilding the connotations of what resting or stopping means—peeling away the associations of laziness from it—I haven’t been seeing past the forest for the trees. 

 

In fact, I think I can now appreciate the holistic picture and the individual features; I see the forest, but I am not ignoring the trees smattering the canvas either.  I have begun to recognize that, as most things in life, neither extreme is beneficial to me. 

 

Now, when I stand in front of the painting I mentioned at the start, I start small. Once I am comfortable with the foundation of my future aspirations, then I gradually build towards the broader picture. If I ever feel overstimulated and laden with intrusive thoughts, then I stop again to get my bearings once more. 

 

Progress to self-development isn’t a linear process, so my advice when you start feeling stressed and distressed is to just start small. 

 

 

My name is Eri Ikezawa and I have an extended minor in psychology and a major in linguistics. I’m still on the path to quelling questions about myself and the direction I want to head in, but in the meantime, I have always wanted to find a way to help others and contribute to a community dedicated to personal development and self-love.

A Day in the Life of an Overthinker

Divya Raj (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

What do you think happens on a typical day for someone who overthinks? Well, it’s easy to guess. 

Do you consider yourself an overthinker like myself? If you do then you will definitely relate to what I am trying to convey through my writing. 

It is frustrating when you cannot live fully in the present; either you are stuck somewhere in the past  or are constantly worried about future events. I have been an overthinker since I was a child and would describe myself as a sensitive and emotional person. I remember everything about any incident that had happened years ago; I remember every word relayed in a conversation up to three or four years  ago! You may consider me as some prodigy, haha! 

However, this robust memory is a blessing and a curse. It’s good to remember extraordinary events and amazing conversations. Still, when you cannot forget some mishappenings or conversations that showcase your deepest fears, it kills you on the inside. Sometimes, I spend hours or days thinking  about things that really do not matter and are of no importance though my mind keeps me stuck in this vicious cycle of aggressive thinking. 

I find myself constantly thinking about my future; if not, I will be traveling back in time to past experiences. My heartbeat fastens, it feels like endless thoughts are running in my  mind, and I can’t think straight. I have done extensive online research on ways to cure overthinking, have read hundreds of articles, watched multiple videos, tried meditation, and even tried writing my thoughts out, but nothing has helped me. 

It’s funny when you think that you have the power to control anything in your life but you cannot even handle your own thoughts. Right now, sitting in my bedroom, staring out of my window, I am still wondering about what could happen with my life in the future and simultaneously am writing my heart out. See, multitasking at its best! 

I have spoken to many people about this topic and they have always suggested that I simply stop overthinking. Whenever they say this to me, I will say, “Thanks for the information; I think I should write this down somewhere.” I know life is unpredictable; anything can happen; whatever you plan will either work out or not. 

 

But even after knowing this, why do I still overthink? It is something that I have been asking  myself for ages! Whatever I’ve read and heard from people, they have always considered overthinking to be negative, and one thing that I have witnessed is that if you describe anything in this way, it will impact your life negatively as well. I’ve realized from my experiences that it takes courage to get out of something negative but a lot more courage to get into something positive and accept it as a part of your life. 

Today, I am deciding to change my perception on overthinking! I no longer consider it to be a negative thing. Instead, I would consider it a good thing that propels me to do better. Sometimes if you overthink a situation, it can save you from the potentially negative aftermath because you will have already prepared yourself for the worst scenario. It is necessary to sit with yourself and understand  what is happening inside of you. I truly believe that sometimes the answers to questions you are looking for on the outside, you will find inside of yourself. Make yourself a priority; it’s okay if you cannot sort things out. It’s totally fine but try to understand your thoughts and your emotions. Gradually, things will  improve for your own good. 

 

 

Divya Raj is a young and innovative marketing specialist with experience in Digital marketing, SEO-Optimised Content Writing, and UI/UX design. In her leisure time, she loves to share her perception of this beautiful world through her writings.

Bright Spots in Horrible Days

Ananya Rajkumar (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

I have always been a very anxious person. It doesn’t exactly help that university life is very stressful and that for the last two years, everyone has been trying to survive a pandemic. Many people struggled with their mental health during this time, and unfortunately I was one of them. I was in my senior year of high school when the world went into a lockdown, and because of this I never had a graduation, or a prom or even my first year of university. To some this might not seem like a big deal, and honestly a part of me didn’t care too much about things like prom, but it didn’t change the fact that I felt like I’d missed big developmental milestones in my life. I was 18 years old, and instead of going out into the world and discovering myself, I was at home and struggling through online learning. I had never felt so alone and lost. I became depressed and more anxious than I had ever been, and the worst part was that I had no idea how to cope.

 

This was when I fell in love with reading. I would immerse myself in fictional worlds and live vicariously through their characters because I couldn’t handle the pressures in my real life. My brother would make comments like, “Why are you so sad? Everyone is going through the pandemic, you are not the only one,” which was ridiculous. Just because many others might be experiencing the same thing doesn’t diminish your own pain.

 

At the time though, what he said really got to me, because there were a lot of people who thrived in the pandemic, who took this pause to better themselves or take some much-needed rest. I criticized myself for not being like them. I always had a more negative mindset, but that never used to bother me until then.

 

All in all, it was a tough year, but I was so grateful for my mom, who was so understanding and encouraged me to talk to someone, and for my friends, who made me feel less alone because they felt the same way. I am also grateful for the Low Entropy community, which I joined because my own experience made me passionate about advocating for mental health and self-betterment. 

 

It’s around a year later and I am so much happier now, school is back in person, and I am living in a student house and trying to enjoy everyday life. The biggest change was not external but more internal, and it was because I adopted a different perspective. I stopped having these extremely high expectations of how life should be and tried to find happiness in the small things, like getting my favorite coffee, watching the sunset as I walk home, talking to my parents on the phone or maybe reading a good book. I would look at my days as a collection of little moments, some good and some bad, but either way I would try to enjoy them. I really tried to fall in love with life, no matter what it looked like. 

 

I was inspired to write this article for a long time, but what finally spurred me to type was a text I received from my mom. I had a very stressful weekend and had just completed a very hard midterm which did not go so well, but instead of letting it crush me, I chose to focus on how I could do better next time and the things I could do to enjoy that day. This is what I had told my mom when she asked me how I was feeling the next morning, and her response made me smile. 

 

“Good job getting through yesterday. It’s important to enjoy the difficult days as well . . . funny, but that’s a secret I discovered.”

 

Her message reminded me of how much I’d grown in the past year, and how there are not only bright spots in horrible days, but how sometimes we can appreciate hardships too, since they are what make us grow as people. 

I am happy that the world is starting to heal, but if you’d asked me a year ago if I wished the pandemic never happened, I would have agreed without a doubt. Now, though a part of me still mourns what could have been, I am grateful for the things I’ve learned about myself and the person I am today. No matter what the future holds, I know that I will still try and find a way to love life, and I hope you all will too.

 

 

My name is Ananya Rajkumar, and I am a third-year life science student at McMaster University. Some of my hobbies include reading, drinking overpriced coffee and creating anything from works of writing to new recipes. I am passionate about advocating for mental health and hopefully by sharing my journey and thoughts through blog writing, I can help create change. 

The Joys of Having a Pet

Cassandra Di Lalla (she/her/hers) , Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

If my pet is offering love and care . . . I always take them up on that offer! But I always make sure it’s reciprocated and I also want to ensure they’re comfy and content in return. 

As someone who struggles immensely with mental health, having my pets comfort me is an important part of my everyday life. 

My furry friends are more than just a companion—they’re part of my family and boy are they so much more than just a cute face or a snuggle buddy too!

I’m sure all of you are dying to know about my furry friends so here you have it before anything else . . . there’s Zoey, Deena, and Marley. Zoey is a Siberian Husky/Akita Inu mix, Deena is a Tabby cat, and Marley is a Shih Tzu/Corgi/Mini Poodle mix. 

Yes, it’s a busy household filled with fur and fun . . . sometimes muddy paws but that’s okay too!

My pets are very intelligent girls and they’ve got an incredibly special ability when it comes to being the support system I want and need. These soft and furry little beings sense when something’s wrong and they come straight to my rescue, wagging their tails, racing over to me with their little snack sized paws, etc. 

I’m sure there are many of you who feel that using the “baby voice” with your pets seems more gentle and sensitive (not to mention, more engaged in conversation with them) but in reality, they’re thinking, “What the heck is that noise? Why are you squealing at me, mom?” Yeah, well . . . been there, done that and—GUILTY—I’m still doin’ it. But in fairness, if I were to put myself in their paws (or shoes ’cause that’s a thing), I’d have probably wondered why I sound like that too.

I just have so much love for these furballs and let’s be honest, sometimes we don’t even know what to do or say in order to express our gratitude towards them or our sheer happiness we feel seeing them just be themselves. Their quirks, different personalities, the way they place or fold their paws, the way they take up your personal space but you have to be okay with it because you’ve accepted life as a pet parent, etc. 

Owning a pet is so rewarding but we seem to forget how truly special it is because we get caught up in our own wants and needs. We immerse ourselves in things that are sometimes not the best for us, yet, if you take a look at your dog giving you those puppy dog eyes, all they want are the simple things in life and they are often free. A great example of this would be your time; your dog might simply want to spend time with you whether that be playing, going for a walk, lounging next to you, watching TV with you or even learning new tricks or obedience training.

Most dogs have an abundance of energy and some can probably even run marathons so it’s only natural for them to want to run around or at least be engaged in some sort of mind and body stimulation. Your dog also loves when you talk to them so even though you two communicate differently, make a point of talking to your dog everyday in whatever way you communicate best with them whether that’s speaking a human language or a form of canine language. 

Now, if you look at cats, I’m sure we can all agree that they’re more independent; however, that doesn’t mean your cat cannot help you on your journey to mental wellness. My cat has a very distinct way of saying hello to me every morning by meowing endlessly as if I’ve been ignoring her for a year, and running back and forth from the hallway to the dog bed (yes, the dog bed where her two sisters sleep) back to to the hallway . . . all while still meowing. She’ll hop, prance, and pounce on you without a single care and with total disregard of the fact that you’re either busy doing something or that her nails are sharp. But that’s okay, because, apparently she’s the boss . . . she makes herself heard.

Throughout the day, she likes to check up on me by stepping on my stomach and whacking me with her tail or if I’m in my office, she will gladly climb onto my chair and sit right where my head is (thank you Deena, for so generously deciding to stick your bum where my eyes and mouth are). She will bow her head and purr, which I have come to learn is something cats do to show you they trust you and highly respect you, so I am totally okay with that and, I too, respect her. It’s just funny that we as humans cannot dare put our behinds anywhere near their face without them looking highly offended and perplexed. But what can you do? I have accepted my life as a fur mom for a reason. 

Had a bad day? You have free therapy waiting for you at home. Need a laugh? No worries, the pets have you covered with their constant shenanigans. Need to have a good cry? Let it rain, friends! They will help combat your sadness. Feeling under the weather? They’ll be there to comfort you whether you like it or not because they don’t like seeing you sick. Are you in pain physically, mentally, or both? Let them use their healing powers because otherwise, they’re miserable when you’re not well.

The love and care that my two dogs and cat have for each other and for me never ceases to amaze me. They are the sweetest, most loving creatures with the ability to sense when something is wrong or if you’re not feeling right. And yes, I talk to them about my problems because they don’t talk back . . . they’ll give you their paw or they’ll bump you with their head. It’s a wonderful feeling knowing that you’re providing them with the love and care they want, need, and deserve but it’s also so relieving knowing that your fur friends are loyal and are there to stay with you until the end.

Cassandra Di Lalla lives life purposefully. She enjoys reading, writing and mental health initiatives. She’s an animal lover for life and an innovative individual always finding new ways to create. 

Arguing Humanity in the Animal Kingdom

Jihu Lee (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

It’s common for people to have witnessed eerily human behavior from an animal, especially their pets. My own dogs have shown a range of what is considered typically human behaviors such as spite, empathy and speech comprehension. There have been countless moments when we can argue that dogs are just as intelligent as people – if not more so at times. Indeed, dogs are one of the most intelligent beings in the animal kingdom. Dogs and people also share scientific similarities that can contribute to their respective intelligence levels. In scientific clinical studies of Alzheimer’s disease in humans, dog models provide a useful parallel with the canine ‘equivalent’ of the disease, known as Canine Cognitive Dysfunction. 

Among animals as a whole however, there is certainly a wider range of variation in brain structure that leads to different levels of sentience. Many species of animals do not possess the higher order brain functions that are characteristic of humans, endowing us with emotion, speech processing and memory. Thus, we can say that fundamental differences do exist between humans and animals. 

In one of my classes this semester called Ethics, Drugs, and Society, we have discussed the ethical dilemma of whether animals are considered to have the same moral standing as human beings, or if they have moral standing at all. In our society, humans are generally deemed as ‘superior’ over animals. Even the countless number of people who wouldn’t dare hurt an animal themselves end up complying to this standard by eating foods made from animals or owning items made from animal skin or fur. One could even argue that owning pets and domesticating animals is a form of assertion of superiority. 

That being said, the belief that humans are ‘superior’ to animals largely stems from the fact that animals are fundamentally different from humans and do not possess abilities to speak or communicate clearly with us. If animals did have such capabilities, I am sure our perception of human ‘superiority’ would change. 

While acknowledging fundamental differences between humans and animals is one conversation, deciding whether those differences warrant empathy for animals is another. Just because an animal cannot vocalize pain or other emotions in a way that humans can understand should not give us a pass to disregard their well-being. Many animal rights activists firmly hold this belief and abstain from participating in any activity that warrants harm to an animal, including eating animal products. Although it would be difficult for everyone to unanimously agree on an ethical code for animals, I personally believe we should remember that the moral ‘superiority’ of humans is largely a social construct and that harming animals is not warranted just because one happens to be a human. In fact, I would strongly argue that humanity has seen a multitude of cases where we are far from being morally superior to animals. 

Again, I think the question of whether humans and animals are really that different has two main parts: fundamental differences between species and the moral implications surrounding those differences. Are humans and animals different in what has been biologically endowed throughout evolution? Yes. Do these differences automatically call for superiority of humans over animals? I wouldn’t say so. But again, in Western society where this belief – subconsciously or not – is ingrained in our culture, it is challenging to come to a consensus for the ethical dilemma. Nevertheless, it is still worth remembering that the differences we are aware of does not justify harmful treatment of animals.

 

 

My name is Jihu, and I’m from Salt Lake City, Utah! I have been with Low Entropy since May 2021. Some of the things I love are reading, writing, listening to music, playing with my dogs and spending time with my sister!

The Benefits of Owning a Pet

Eri Ikezawa (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

After having owned a pet for most of my life, I can honestly say that having one has always been beneficial to me. Despite all of the hardships and challenges that certainly accompany being a pet owner, there is nothing more rewarding than to have a loyal, dedicated animal companion to come home to. 

 

As I mentioned, my family and I have had a pet for most of my life. We got our first dog when I was eleven years old, a sweet golden retriever whom I had with me for my elementary school, high school, and university graduation before he passed on. My family and I were utterly devastated by the loss of him, a staple of our home for so many years, and my parents adamantly did not wish to have any more pets afterwards, the heartbreak having been too much for them. 

 

However, we all noticed the empty spots left behind by our old furry friend, spaces that now seemed vaster than they used to be, the silence collapsing into our home gravely. And eventually, our hearts healed enough that we all agreed that we wanted another companion. 

 

And so, I got my new golden retriever puppy at eight weeks old—small, fluffy, vulnerable and innocent. However, I noticed from the get-go that he seemed much sullener and sulkier after arriving to his new home than what I was used to seeing in puppies; I remember when we had first gotten our old puppy, he had been sad to leave his home where his mother, father, and former litter were, but he’d gotten well-adjusted quickly enough. So, I had been surprised to note that my new little puppy did not adapt quickly to his new home—but then again, I reminded myself, every individual is different. 

 

I quickly realized that, after medical exams came back clear and it was confirmed he wasn’t suffering from any health ailments, that he just seemed to be an anxious individual. When he was stressed, he was prone to biting, barking and whining excessively. There were days where I was so confused and frustrated, absolutely beside myself, not knowing where I had gone wrong with him. 

 

I had properly socialized him with other dogs from the moment I’d gotten him, he was properly crate trained, he’d been potty trained with extreme ease, I’d gone to multiple series of puppy classes with him and I used positive reinforcement. But no matter what I had done right, it felt as though I must’ve done more wrong because his anxious traits grew worse around the eight-month mark. 

 

At that point, he grew a propensity for dog-related aggression—not something he’d demonstrated in the past—and my anxiety tripled with each month that went by. Not only did my consternation multiply, I also began to internalize everything, questioning what and how I could’ve done things differently to mold him into a better well-adjusted dog. 

 

He’s now two and while he still needs work on certain areas of his behavior, he has improved significantly. His dog aggression has decreased, he lets me peacefully cut his nails and shave out his paw pads, and he is more trustworthy all around. He is still quite anxious, especially in uncertain or novel situations, but it has meant the world to me to see his progress. 

 

He is often still a handful and there are days when his anxiety is palpable enough that I absorb it and become intensely anxious myself, but at the end of the day, I would never even consider surrendering him to a shelter—his weaknesses and all. Quite frankly, the pros outweigh the cons—by a landslide. 

 

Firstly, it is truly rewarding—despite the hardships that come with the ownership of a pet as I had mentioned earlier, what you invest is what you get. The loyalty, adoration and dedication a pet has towards you is a direct result of the love, kindness and patience you demonstrate towards them. Each and every day I come home from work, exhausted and occasionally blatantly cranky, my mood instantly brightens when I see his big goofy smile and twinkling eyes greeting me at the door with a howl of excitement, his butt waggling intensely. 

 

Sometimes, when I am sad, feeling out of sorts and world weary, I pat his fluffy body and soft head and the motion of stroking his luxurious coat mitigates that melancholy—a respite when I feel as though I’m just trundling through the motions. 


I cannot say more about how rewarding and comforting it is to own a pet. 

 

Secondly, as one might garner from what he and I have gone through historically as a pet and pet owner, it is truly challenging at times—it is no easy feat to get a pet and raise them from when they are a baby and nurture them into a well-adjusted older pet. It takes an infinite amount of patience and time, which sometimes people are not prepared or well-researched for, leading people to surrender their pets. 

 

But I feel that over the past two years I have truly bore witness to the miracle of patience in waiting out a storm. Not only am I more appreciative of every obstacle we overcome together, but it has taught me to be more temperate and less stressed when I feel the tendrils of an impending tornado coming my way. 

 

I sometimes even consider how strange—and ironically beautiful—it is that a creature that has brought me so many conundrums along the way has also brought me such unadulterated joy at the same time. And in recognizing that, I realized he has taught me an incredibly valuable life lesson—that is, sometimes, no matter what you do completely right, you don’t end up with the ideal or expected results. It has taught me the importance of appreciating that not everything in life is in my control; that the only thing I can control is how I react in order to adapt to it. 

 

And with that said, I can confidently say that owning a pet has been the most unlikely blessing in my entire life. 

 

 

My name is Eri Ikezawa and I have an extended minor in psychology and a major in linguistics. I’m still on the path to quelling questions about myself and the direction I want to head in, but in the meantime, I have always wanted to find a way to help others and contribute to a community dedicated to personal development and self-love.

Responsibility and Companionship: the Benefits of Having a Pet as a Child

Elizaveta Garifullina, Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

 

Having a pet has a huge number of positive aspects. It improves health, brings family members closer together, brings a lot of positive emotions and, of course, teaches responsibility. 

 

Unfortunately, not all parents have the opportunity to be with their child for enough time. However, children always need someone nearby. After they come home after school, they have a lot of time until nightfall, which they very often spend alone.

 

For children who like loneliness more, the time spent with a pet will be very useful. Such children need someone who will be comfortable around them, but at the same time meet the need for care. Pets get rid of the feeling of “bad” loneliness. The child will know that if they do not have to talk to someone, the pet will just be there. 

 

Pets give children not only warmth and joy, but also encourages patience and responsibility in them. Taking care of a pet develops independence and discipline in a child. When children realize that a pet is not just a soulless toy, they begin to take responsibility for the animal. Children perform all kinds of duties: they feed, walk, play, and clean up after pets.

 

It is necessary to determine the measure of responsibility of the child based on their age. Small children can only play with pets and help feed them, older children will be able to walk the animal, and teenagers will be able to take full responsibility for them. Teenagers become the rightful owners of their pets. 

 

However, even in a seven-year-old child, caring for an animal will develop a sense of responsibility. In front of the child, there will be someone small and defenseless; someone who needs to be helped and cared for. 

 

If you help a child with this feeling, then the child will be very happy to get up and take care of the pet, even if they need to get up at six a.m. to walk the dog. The dog needs to be fed and taken outside in the morning and evening. This responsibility gives the little owners a sense of protection and caring for the younger one. Children feel needed thanks to pets. In any weather, you just need to get up and walk with your pet. Early in the morning, even if it is a blizzard or rainy outside, you need to go outside to walk your pet. 

 

Communication with a pet helps a child to experience a different range of emotions. A careful and caring attitude to the pet forms in the child the right attitude to other animals. Proper familiarization with a pet helps to understand that all animals have their own feelings and we need to be careful with them and take care of them.

 

Having an animal can also help a child improve relationships with neighbors and acquaintances. Look out the window, for sure you will see at least one child or teenager with a pet. Two children who went out for a walk with their pets and noticed each other will definitely get acquainted. All the children on the street will be attracted to a child with an animal. And this is a great reason to become friends. 

 

Pets help relieve fatigue. After an exam or just a long hard day, they are always waiting at home and waiting to lie down together and relax. 

 

Animals get along well with children. They teach children care and responsibility. The most important thing is to have a good first meeting with them. Make it clear to the animal that there is nothing to be afraid of and explain to the child that this is a living animal and the child should be extremely careful. 

 

Leave your thoughts for Elizaveta in the comments below better yet, start up a dialogue with the Low Entropy community in person at a Conscious Connections meeting or online at our community site. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter and YouTube to stay up-to-date with Low Entropy news!

The Benefits of Owning a Pet

Grace Cheng (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

The experience of owning pets can be wonderful for children of all ages. Kids can learn important life lessons such as responsibility, trust, compassion, respect and patience through owning pets. Most children would love to own a pet of their own, but teaching them how to care for that animal, feed it, and clean up after it can be challenging. There are often pets that are not age-appropriate, which can make caring for them more challenging. The first important step is to choose a pet that is appropriate for the age of your child. It is unlikely that a young child, such as 5 years old, would be able to care for a large dog, but a guinea pig or a kitten may be more suitable. Older children should be able to select the pet of their choice, whether it is a dog, a cat, or a guinea pig.

 

The responsibility of looking after pets is a great teaching tool for kids. As soon as a new pet is brought home, the children will begin to learn about the responsibilities associated with pet ownership. Having an animal that relies on children to feed them, let them out for the toilet, and keep them clean, comfortable, and safe throughout their lives is an invaluable lesson that they will carry with a child throughout their lives. It will be easy for your children to learn what needs to be done daily to ensure the safety and happiness of their pets, and they will also learn by seeing the example you set for them as a parent.

 

What Can Children Learn from Owning Pets

 

  1. Decision-Making Skills

 

Having a pet requires children to make decisions. Making intelligent decisions is an important aspect of growing up and being mature. There will be many choices that a child must make, including deciding on the name of the pet, selecting a place to sleep every night, and choosing food for the pet. Making decisions is an essential life skill that will encourage a sense of control and self-esteem in your child.

 

  1. Time Management Skills

 

Children who care for pets learn how to prioritize at any given time. They learn that if they want to attend soccer practice after school, they must make sure that their pet has all the supplies it needs until they can check on them. You can teach your child about scheduling and prioritizing tasks by owning a pet.

 

  1. Learning Empathy, Patience, and Sacrificing for Others

 

Children learn empathy, compassion and kindness by caring for pets. They learn about making sacrifices for others when they give up some of their own free time to care for their animals. The importance of patience and empathy can be taught to children in the home through pet ownership. As you demonstrate how to manage your pet appropriately, your child will learn what levels of patience are necessary, as well as how the pet might feel in specific situations. This can inspire a child to explore empathy in greater depth.

 

  1. Building Self-Confidence

 

Having pets can increase children’s self-confidence, which contributes to their overall happiness, since animals help them feel loved and understood. Furthermore, they can help encourage kids to be more physically fit, which leads to a boost in their self-confidence and a greater degree of social interaction with their peers. Children often look to animals for companionship and friendship, and it is well known that establishing and maintaining strong friendships is an important element of self-esteem.

 

  1. Good Behaviours

 

Children can learn the value of practicing good behavior by training a dog, cat, or any other animal. Your children will learn all about rewards, incentives, and following the rules as they are being taught the commands – and the all-natural treats. Training an animal cannot only teach your child about rewards, but also about positive reinforcement and doing good for its own sake.

 

  1. Financial Management

 

Parents can take the opportunity to introduce some key concepts about financial planning through having pets. The cost of feeding, treating, medical care, grooming and other aspects of pet ownership can be substantial. Your children need to understand that owning animals is expensive. The care of your pet can also serve as an opportunity for you to teach your children the value of working for a living. Pet owners who are responsible for their pets should consider obtaining insurance coverage for their animals, as this may provide some financial assistance if the pet becomes ill or becomes injured. 

 

  1. Life and Death

 

It is difficult to explain the circle of life to children, especially toddlers and young children. As painful as it may be to lose a family pet, the loss of an animal is often a child’s first encounter with death. The loss of a pet can be a devastating life event for grieving children, and parents should provide them with all the resources they need. It is important to provide your children with the tools they need to heal so that they can better weather losses throughout their lives and grieve healthily.

 

Why not take the plunge into pet ownership if your child is ready to enjoy the benefits of having a pet? Your children may surprise you by how much they change positively when you add a new animal pet to the household.

 

 

Grace has an accounting and finance background. She enjoys reading, writing, listening to music, watching movies and playing sports.

The Dog vs. Cat Debate

Bethany Howell (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer

 

I was eight years old when my parents adopted Scoobi, a five-year-old tabby/tortoiseshell mix with a skittish personality and an affinity for buttered toast. After proving myself ‘worthy’ of more complex pets by taking excellent care of fish and a hamster, my parents brought me to the local animal shelter to pick out a cat. I remember begging to be allowed to get a dog instead. My parents, whether it be because of the amount of work it takes to raise a dog or lack of trust in my promises to always be the one to walk and feed it, decided against these pleas.  My father, sitting in the car with me before entering the shelter, assured me that we would not be coming home with a pet today – our goal was to look, not to adopt quite yet.

Scoobi was in a cage of her own, a bit smaller than the other cats and older as well. You could see in her eyes that she had a good life before this point – we later found out that she was raised by an elderly woman who could no longer care for her, commonplace in our retirement community. Her papers said that she was an adult, estimated five years of age, and that her name was “Scooby” due to her habit of getting into the dog treats. 

The day we brought Scoobi home – the same day my father made me swear not to be upset as we will be going home empty-handed – was the day I realized I was not as much of a dog person as I once believed. My parents asked me what we should name her and I steadfastly argued with my naïve child logic that you cannot just change someone’s name after hearing it for years. We finally agreed on changing the Y to an I and keeping ‘Scoobi’ as her name. Only much later did I find out that “Scooby” was a name given to her by the shelter and she likely had changed names multiple times over the years. Though Scoobi was shy at first, she eventually warmed up to myself and my parents and became a more loving companion than I thought a cat could be. Over the decade we had her, Scoobi was a comforting constant in my life. Though she would not greet me at the door and bark with excitement when seeing me like a dog may have, her understated and selective love made me feel like I deserved the appreciation she gave me. 

Cats are unlike dogs in many ways, the most crucial is believed to be the amount of effort required to take care of them. I disagree with this; I believe cats differ from dogs due to the time it takes for them to trust you. Dogs are liberal with their affection and trust, cats, on the other hand, require patience, much like relationships between people. I have learned over the years that a man who says that he prefers cats over dogs is a man who understands that relationships need time and that consent is key when it comes to gaining trust – after all, have you ever tried to pet and cuddle a cat who does not want it? 

Though I fully understand why people may prefer dogs with their high intelligence, trainable nature, and abundant affection, there is something about cats that has always appealed to me more. Maybe this is due to my more sedentary and bookish tendencies or maybe it is because I, too, take time to warm up to those around me. I, like Scoobi, was an anxious and shy individual all those years ago. Though I have grown to be outgoing, I still see myself through the lens of my cat-like personality.

In all honesty, I do not believe that one’s pet preferences directly relates to one’s personality; however, personality can lead someone towards a certain preference. I am a cat person, through-and-through, whether it be because of my past experiences or who I am. I am an individual creature, not a pack animal. I will always prefer the setting of a library with a large fireplace over a park or a nature trail. I need a companion that loves me specifically – not because I am the person that is currently giving them attention, but because they have taken the time to love me for who I am. 

I know many of you will argue that dogs, too, have these personality traits. To that I say, yes, of course! Yes, many dogs are like this and many cats are not. That is the beauty of reality – there is no such thing as objective truths about groups. All of what I have said has been generalized and may not be true between individuals. I use these statements not to say that they are always true, but to show my own perspective.

Though I don’t expect this post to change the most hardcore dog lover’s mind, I hope that it helps at least one person give cats a chance just as I gave Scoobi a chance. Sometimes, all we need is an open mind and an open heart to make a friend out of any four-legged furry creature.

 

 

My name is Bethany Howell and I am a third-year university student majoring in psychology and minoring in family and child studies. I have a passion for writing and mental health, and my ultimate goal since age 13 has been to make a difference in the world through helping others, which is how I ended up here at Low Entropy!

Pet and Animal Right Groups; Incredibly Important or Extremist?

Andreza Gonçalves (she/her/hers), Low Entropy Volunteer Writer.

 

This is Nick (Nick is not a person’s name in Brazil, so it was not our intention to put a human name on our dog), my fluffy canine friend who lives with my parents, but was supposed to be my 23rd birthday gift:

When I go to see him, I have a great time and receive a lot of love. As I care so much about Nick, it is hard for me to even imagine that someone could do something bad or harm him.

 

Well, now you must be asking yourself what all of this has to do with the headline of this article. Although it seems to be sort of nonsense to talk about my personal experiences previously commenting on animal rights groups, mentioning my dog is an example that demonstrates that pets have conquered space in our society’s hearts.

 

Animals have always been important in communities for different purposes, but data presented by GFK-Growth from Knowledge– shows that more than half of the world’s population owns a pet. According to information presented by Google (at the time that this article was written) the world has around 7,753 billion people, which means that more than approximately 3,876.5 billion individuals own pets nowadays. 

 

This data demonstrates that animals have become closer to humanity, which, as an outcome, shows that the concern for domestic animals’ welfare has increased substantially in the last few decades. 

 

Moreover, people have also been more worried about what the irresponsible management of natural resources could cause in the next few years. As a result, communities have been looking to better understand the importance of preserving wildlife, in other words, fauna, and flora. Thus, it means keeping watch on plants and animals in their natural habitat.

 

Because of that, many individuals have created organizations on behalf of animal defense both wild and domestic, and the work developed by these parties is extremely relevant since some alarming statistics illustrate it. 

 

Petipedia.co, for example, is a blog that presents information about this subject and describes current and relevant data concerning the deduction mentioned above

 

  • Every 60 seconds, one animal is abused;
  • Approximately 65% of these abused animals are dogs;
  • More than 10 million animals die from abuse in the United States every year; 
  • Over 100,000 horses are killed in the United States for human consumption each year and
  • More than 115 million animals are used in experiments every year. 

 

These numbers, summed with the discoveries science has made, that animals are sentient (capable of experiencing positive and negative feelings, including pain, joy, pleasure, distress, among others) are huge fuel for these activist groups to exist and to fight for these beings rights. 

 

To prevent and punish animal mistreatment, Canada has a relevant conquest concerning animal protection. The Canadian Criminal Code has a special section separated only to dispose of this and penalties that go from imprisonment to the payment of fines. 

 

Even though the issue is regulated in the country, organizations such as Humane Canada argue that there is much more to be done in relation to the topic, since many attempts against animal cruelty amendments in the Canadian Criminal Code were made.

 

Likewise, in Brazil, animal harm is also on society’s radar. There are severe penalties for men and women responsible for wounding animals. Besides that, as they are considered sentient beings, animals in Brazil also have some civil rights. For instance, they can have a birth certificate, receive a type of “child support” in the case of divorce, and even have a registered legal guardian.

 

What seems to be an exaggeration to some, might sound like a way of caring and problem prevention to others.

 

To obtain knowledge about the community’s opinion related to this theme, an Instagram question box was opened and some people were able to share their thoughts. 

 

For example, Dâmaris believes that financial assistance in the case of a divorce is completely necessary. She says, “I think that we have two aspects. The one of species preservation and the emotional one. I agree with both. Ailment assistance for the animal, which was the fruit of a relationship, is totally necessary because only those who had a sick animal know how much we need to spend and we can’t let the animal die for a lack of help. For species preservation, we know about the importance that each one of them has for nature.” 

 

Beatriz, for instance, agrees that animal humanization is wrong. She says that, besides loving pets, they must have their own space and can’t be treated as  people. She mentions that “the funny thing is that many declare to prefer animals rather than humans, but in the end, they want to humanize animals by wearing  clothes, sleeping on the same bed, buying a baby carriage, kissing on the mouth, and coloring their nails. Note that people actually want human characteristics on pets, instead of dealing with other people, and because of this exaggeration of “human” treatment, animals are also harmed. There is an increase in human diseases passed to animals, DNA manipulation for the pet to attend to human desires, health fragility due to domestication… What I want to say is that all exaggeration is bad for both humans and animals. Animals need to be animals, just as humans need to be humans. All deserve good care and respect”.

The above look demonstrates that the establishment of animal preservation and protection rules sought by groups that fight for these causes might be extremely necessary if done in order to achieve the right purposes. Since wildlife, besides pets, are not able to talk for themselves, these individuals are responsible for developing such a relevant job to prevent wounding and harm caused by human actions. 

 

Apart from that, it is also essential to mention that, besides these communities, which mostly look to save animals, there are also groups who seek animal humanization, and their conduct can even damage these distinct forms of life.  

 

Another extreme example of these types of groups is those that seek animal rescue but have no boundaries to do so. In Brazil, for instance, there is a story about some activists who noticed an industry that was testing on animals. These apparently compromised people did everything they could to rescue the dogs and to stop the business actions. The news says that they were even responsible for tying up security guards in addition to breaking into the building and shutting the company doors. 

 

Notice that, while they were saving the mistreated Beagles, these well-meaning men and women inflicted pain on some of the company employees who had no direct connection to the events that were taking place. It is not right to mention that these laborers shouldn’t be punished due to the actions that took place. However, it is important to mention that some of these individuals only had that job for a living, and we know that the lack of choices can sometimes drive humans to “support” what they would not normally enjoy. 

 

Overall, people are caring more about the environment and other species. Since there is an increase in the care for these values, groups have been formed to engage in the advocacy of wildlife rights. Aside from the fact that the vast majority of these teams work seriously on animals’ behalf, some attempt to impose human characteristics on them, which is considered extreme and unnecessary and may even take certain actions that negatively impact other human beings. 

 

 

Andreza is a Brazilian lawyer, passionate about volunteering, and who wants to cause a good impact in the world. Andreza loves her family, her dog, and traveling. She lives in Brazil and expects you to be touched positively by her words.